Äädikakärbes (perekond)
(Ümber suunatud leheküljelt Äädikakärbes)
| Äädikakärbes | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Harilik äädikakärbes (Drosophila melanogaster) | |
| Taksonoomia | |
| Riik |
Loomad Animalia |
| Hõimkond |
Lülijalgsed Arthropoda |
| Alamhõimkond |
Kuuejalgsed Hexapoda |
| Klass |
Putukad Insecta |
| Selts |
Kahetiivalised Diptera |
| Sugukond |
Kõdukärblased Drosophilidae |
| Triibus |
Drosophilini |
| Perekond |
Drosophila Fallén, 1823 |
| Tüüpliik | |
|
Musca funebris Fabricius, 1787 | |
Äädikakärbes ehk puuviljakärbes (Drosophila) on kõdukärblaste sugukonda ning kahetiivaliste seltsi kuuluv perekond.
Sellesse perekonda kuulub üks kõige põhjalikumalt uuritud putukaid, geneetika mudelobjekt harilik äädikakärbes (Drosophila melanogaster).
Harilikud puuviljakärbsed (koos rukki- ja puuvillaseemnetega) olid esimesed Maa elusolendid, kes saadeti 20. veebruaril 1947 Maa orbiidile. Eksperiment viidi läbi ameeriklaste poolt sakslastelt konfiskeeritud V2-raketiga.[1][2] Konteiner elusate ja tervete putukatega naasis langevarjuga Maale. Katse mõte oli uurida kosmilise kiirguse mõju elusorganismidele.[2]
Sõna "Drosophila" pärineb ladina keeles a-sufiksi lõpuga moodustatud terminist, mis tuleneb vanakreekakeelsetest sõnadest δρόσος, drósos, "kaste(piisk)" ja φίλος, phílos, "armas". Tõlge võiks olla "kastepiiskade armastaja".
Eesti liigid
[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]Eestis elab 16 liiki äädikakärbseid.
Klassifikatsioon
[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]Äädikakärbse perekonnas on üle 1500 liigi.[3]:
Liikide loetelu (osaline)
[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]- Drosophila abjuncta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila acrostichalis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila acutilabella Stalker, 1953
- Drosophila adiastola Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila adventitia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila agitona Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila aglaia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila alabamensis Sturtevant, 1918
- Drosophila albifacies Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila aldrichi Patterson & Crow, 1940
- Drosophila algonquin Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
- Drosophila amydrospilota Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila ananassae Doleschall, 1858
- Drosophila ancyla Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila anomalipes Grimshaw
- Drosophila anthrax Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila apicipuncta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila apicisetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila apodasta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila apoxyloma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila aquila Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila araiotrichia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila artigena Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila asketostoma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila attenuata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila azteca Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
- Drosophila badia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila baja Mettler, 1963
- Drosophila balioptera Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila basdeni Wheeler, 1957
- Drosophila basimacula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila basisetosa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila beardsleyi Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila bicondyla Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila bifurca Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila bimaculata Loew, 1866
- Drosophila bipolita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila biseriata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila bizonata Kikkawa & Peng
- Drosophila boletina Duda, 1927
- Drosophila borealis Patterson, 1952
- Drosophila bostrycha Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila brevicarinata Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila brevicilia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila brevissima Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila brevitarsus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila bridwellius Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila bromeliae Sturtevant, 1921
- Drosophila brooksi Pipkin
- Drosophila brunneifrons Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila brunneisetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila busckii Coquillett, 1901
- Drosophila caccabata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila californica Sturtevant, 1923
- Drosophila canapalpa Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila canipolita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila canuta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila capitata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila carbonaria Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila cardini Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila carnosa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila carsoni Wheeler, 1957
- Drosophila casteeli Pipkin, 1961
- Drosophila chaetopeza Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila chagrinensis Stalker & Spencer, 1939
- Drosophila ciliaticrus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila cilifemorata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila cinerea Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila clavata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila clavitibia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila clydonia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila cnecopleura Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila colorata Walker, 1849
- Drosophila comatifemora Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila conformis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila confutata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila conjectura Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila conspicua Grimshaw
- Drosophila contorta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila cracens Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila crassifemur Grimshaw
- Drosophila crucigeraur Grimshaw
- Drosophila curticilia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila curvitibia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dasycnemia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila deflecta Malloch & Mcatee, 1924
- Drosophila deltaneuron Bryan
- Drosophila demipolita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila denotata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila desertorum Wasserman, 1962
- Drosophila diffusa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila diminuens Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila disjuncta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dissita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila disticha Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila distinguenda Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dobzhanskii Patterson, 1943
- Drosophila dolomata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dorsigera Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dorsociliata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dracaenae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila dumalis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila duncani Sturtevant, 1918
- Drosophila elliptica Sturtevant, 1942
- Drosophila engyochracea Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila enoplotarsus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila erecta Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974
- Drosophila eremophila Wasserman, 1962
- Drosophila eumecothrix Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila euronotus Patterson & Ward, 1952
- Drosophila eurypeza Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila expansa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila falleni Wheeler, 1960
- Drosophila fasciculisetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila fastigata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila felix Dobzhansky, 1976
- Drosophila flavibasis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila flaviceps Grimshaw
- Drosophila flavisternum Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila flavomontana Patterson, 1952
- Drosophila flavopinicola Wheeler, 1954
- Drosophila flexa Loew, 1865
- Drosophila floricola Sturtevant, 1942
- Drosophila fragilis Wheeler, 1949
- Drosophila freycinetiae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila fulvalineata Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila fundita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1787)
- Drosophila fungicola Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila furva Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila furvifacies Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila fuscifrons Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila fuscoamoeba Bryan
- Drosophila fuscoapex Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila fusticula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila gilvilateralis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila grimshawi Oldenberg
- Drosophila grisea Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila guttifera Walker, 1849
- Drosophila hamatofila Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila hawaiiensis Grimshaw
- Drosophila hexachaetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila hexastigma Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila hirticoxa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila hirtitarsus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila hirtitbia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila humeralis Grimshaw
- Drosophila hydei Sturtevant, 1921
- Drosophila hydeoides Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila iki Bryan
- Drosophila illusiopolita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila imitator Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921
- Drosophila imparisetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila improcera Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila incognita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila incompleta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila inedita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila infuscata Grimshaw
- Drosophila innubila Spencer, 1943
- Drosophila insignita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila intermedia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila involuta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila iroquois Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
- Drosophila ischnotrix Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila joycei Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila kauluai Bryan
- Drosophila kikkawai Burla
- Drosophila krassi Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila lacicola Patterson, 1944
- Drosophila laciniosa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila lanaiensis Grimshaw
- Drosophila larifuga Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila latifasciaeformis Duda, 1940
- Drosophila latigena Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila lemniscata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila leonis Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila limpiensis Mainland, 1941
- Drosophila lonchoptera Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila longala Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila longicornis Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila lowei Heed, Crumpacker & Ehrma, 1968
- Drosophila luteola Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila lutzii Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila macrochaetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila macropolia Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila macroptera Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila macrospina Stalker & Spencer, 1939
- Drosophila magnabadia Patterson & Mainland, 1943
- Drosophila magnafumosa Stalker & Spencer, 1939
- Drosophila magnaquinaria Wheeler, 1954
- Drosophila magnimacula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila magnipalpa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila mahican Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
- Drosophila mainlandi Patterson, 1943
- Drosophila mathisi Vilela, 1983
- Drosophila mauritiana Tsacas & David, 1974
- Drosophila mecocnemia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila mediana Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila megasticta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila melanderi Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila melanica Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila melanissima Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 – harilik äädikakärbes
- Drosophila melanoloma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila melanopedis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila melanosoma Grimshaw
- Drosophila melanura Miller, 1944
- Drosophila mercatorum Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila meridiana Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila mettleri Heed, 1977
- Drosophila micromelanica Patterson, 1941
- Drosophila mimica Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila mimiconformis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila mimiconfutata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila miranda Dobzhansky, 1935
- Drosophila mitchelli Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila mojavensis Patterson
- Drosophila molokaiensis Grimshaw
- Drosophila montana Stone, Griffen & Patter, 1942
- Drosophila mulleri Sturtevant, 1921
- Drosophila munda Spencer, 1942
- Drosophila musae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila musaphilia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila mycetophila Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nanella Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila narragansett Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
- Drosophila nasalis Grimshaw
- Drosophila nebulosa Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila neglecta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila neorepleta Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila neutralis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nigella Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nigra Grimshaw
- Drosophila nigripalpus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nigritarsus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nigrocirrus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nigrohalterata Duda, 1925
- Drosophila nigrohydei Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila nigromelanica Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila nigropolita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila nigrospiracula Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila novitskii Sulerud & Miller, 1966
- Drosophila occidentalis Spencer, 1942
- Drosophila ochracea Grimshaw
- Drosophila ohiensis Spencer, 1940
- Drosophila olaae Grimshaw
- Drosophila orbospiracula Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila ordinaria Coquillett, 1904
- Drosophila oreas Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila orena Tsacas & David, 1978
- Drosophila orestes Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila pachea Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila pachuca Wasserman, 1962
- Drosophila palustris Spencer, 1942
- Drosophila parva Grimshaw
- Drosophila paucipuncta Grimshaw
- Drosophila paucula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila pectinitarsus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila pegasa Wasserman, 1962
- Drosophila peniculipedis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila peninsularis Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila percnosoma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila perissopoda Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila persimilis Dobzhansky & Epling, 1944
- Drosophila petalopeza Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila picticornis Grimshaw
- Drosophila pictiventris Duda, 1925
- Drosophila pilimana Grimshaw
- Drosophila pinicola Sturtevant, 1942
- Drosophila plumosa Grimshaw
- Drosophila polita Grimshaw
- Drosophila polliciforma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila pollinospadix Patterson & Mainalnd, 1944
- Drosophila polychaeta Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila ponderosa Patterson & Mainland, 1943
- Drosophila populi Wheeler & Throckmorton, 1961
- Drosophila praesutilis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila pretiosa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila proceriseta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila prodita Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila projectans Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila prolaticilia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila prolixa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila prominens Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila propachuca Wasserman, 1962
- Drosophila propiofacies Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila pseudoobscura Frolova & Astaurov, 1929
- Drosophila punalau Bryan
- Drosophila putrida Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila pychnochaetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila quadrisetae Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila quasianomalipes Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila quasiexpansa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila quinaria Loew, 1866
- Drosophila racemova Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila recens Wheeler, 1960
- Drosophila reducta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila redunca Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila rellima Wheeler, 1960
- Drosophila repleta Wollaston, 1858
- Drosophila residua Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila retrusa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila rioensis Patterson, 1943
- Drosophila ritae Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila robusta Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila rubidifrons Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila rubrifrons Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
- Drosophila ruburra Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila rustica Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila sabroskyi Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila sadleria Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila santomea Lachaise & Harry, 2000
- Drosophila scolostoma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila sechellia Tsacas & Bächli, 1981
- Drosophila seclusa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila semifuscata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila seminole Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
- Drosophila seorsa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila septuosa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila setapex Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila setiger Grimshaw
- Drosophila setipalpus Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila sharpi Grimshaw
- Drosophila sigmoides Loew, 1872
- Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, 1919
- Drosophila sordidapex Grimshaw
- Drosophila spectabilis Grimshaw
- Drosophila spenceri Patterson, 1943
- Drosophila spicula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila stalkeri Wheeler, 1954
- Drosophila stenoptera Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila subfunebris Stalker & Spencer, 1939
- Drosophila suboccidentalis Spencer, 1942
- Drosophila subpalustris Spencer, 1942
- Drosophila subsigmoides Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila subviridis Patterson & Mainland, 1943
- Drosophila sucinea Patterson & Mainland, 1944
- Drosophila suffusca Spencer, 1943
- Drosophila suzukii, Matsumura, 1931
- Drosophila swezeyi Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila taeniata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila tamashiroi Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila taractica Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila tarphytrichia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila teissieri Tsacas, 1971
- Drosophila tendomentum Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila tenebrosa Spencer, 1943
- Drosophila tenuipes (Walker, 1849)
- Drosophila testacea Roser, 1840
- Drosophila tetraspilota Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila texana Patterson, 1940
- Drosophila thoracis Williston, 1896
- Drosophila tira Wasserman, 1962
- Drosophila torula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila totonigra Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila tranquilla Spencer, 1943
- Drosophila transfuga Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila trichaetosa Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila tripunctata Loew, 1862
- Drosophila trispina Wheeler, 1949
- Drosophila truncipenna Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila undulata Grimshaw
- Drosophila unicula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila unipucntata (Patterson, 1943)
- Drosophila varga Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila variabilis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila varipennis (Grimshaw)
- Drosophila velata Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila velutinifrons Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila venusta Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila vicaria Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila victoria Sturtevant, 1942
- Drosophila villitibia Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila villosipedis Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila vinnula Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila virilis Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila wheeleri Patterson & Alexander, 1952
- Drosophila williamsi Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila willistoni Sturtevant, 1916
- Drosophila xanthognoma Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila xanthosoma Grimshaw
- Drosophila xuthoptera Hardy, 1965
- Drosophila yakuba Burla, 1954
- Drosophila z-notata Bryan
Viited
[muuda | muuda lähteteksti]- ↑ "QI C seeria 4. episood - Cheating". BBC. 14. oktoober 2005.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Nate Barksdale (29. aprill 2015). "What was the first animal in space?". History.
- ↑ "Drosophile veebiversioon (vaadatud 02.10.2013) (prantsuse keeles)". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 30.04.2013. Vaadatud 2.10.2013.
Välislingid
[muuda | muuda lähteteksti] |
Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: Äädikakärbes |
- Piret Pappel. TEADUSFOTO: Spermatosoidide sõda. Mõne liigi puhul vägagi vihane, Novaator 1. oktoober 2013, veebiversioon (vaadatud 2.10.2013)